Python combines remarkable power with very clear syntax. It has modules, classes, exceptions, very high level dynamic data types, and dynamic typing. There are interfaces to many system calls and libraries, as well as to various windowing systems (X11, Motif, Tk, Mac, MFC). New built-in modules are easily written in C or C++. It is also usable as an extension language for applications that need a programmable interface.

Library

• Issue #6639: Module-level turtle functions no longer raise TclError after closing the window.
• Issues #814253, #9179: Warnings now are raised when group references and conditional group references are used in lookbehind assertions in regular expressions.
• Issue #23215: Multibyte codecs with custom error handlers that ignores errors consumed too much memory and raised SystemError or MemoryError. Original patch by Aleksi Torhamo.
• Issue #5700: io.FileIO() called flush() after closing the file. flush() was not called in close() if closefd=False.
• Issue #23374: Fixed pydoc failure with non-ASCII files when stdout encoding differs from file system encoding (e.g. on Mac OS).
• Issue #23481: Remove RC4 from the SSL module’s default cipher list.
• Issue #21548: Fix pydoc.synopsis() and pydoc.apropos() on modules with empty docstrings.
• Issue #22885: Fixed arbitrary code execution vulnerability in the dbm.dumb module. Original patch by Claudiu Popa.
• Issue #23146: Fix mishandling of absolute Windows paths with forward slashes in pathlib.
• Issue #23421: Fixed compression in tarfile CLI. Patch by wdv4758h.
• Issue #23361: Fix possible overflow in Windows subprocess creation code.

Build

• Issue #23445: pydebug builds now use "gcc -Og" where possible, to make the resulting executable faster.